{"id":2244,"date":"2026-01-29T11:12:36","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T07:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/?p=2244"},"modified":"2026-01-29T11:12:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T07:12:36","slug":"%e0%ae%87%e0%ae%a8%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%af%e0%ae%be%e0%ae%b5%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%b1%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%be%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%a4%e0%af%8d-%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%a9%e0%af%8d-%e0%ae%b5%e0%ae%be%e0%ae%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/?p=2244","title":{"rendered":"\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bbf &#8211; \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0ba9\u0baa\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bbf.\u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd. \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc2\u0bb8\u0bcd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/web-post.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/web-post-1024x427.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/web-post-1024x427.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/web-post-300x125.jpg 300w, https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/web-post-768x320.jpg 768w, https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/web-post-1536x640.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/web-post.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0b8e\u0bae\u0bcd.\u0bb5\u0bbf. \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong> <strong>\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf &#8216;\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0b9a\u0bbf.\u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd. \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc2\u0bb8\u0bcd&#8217;<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc7 <strong>\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf, \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1, \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/strong> \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0ba8\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bae\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0ba3\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0ba3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc0\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc2\u0bb8\u0bcd (C.F. Andrews) <\/strong>&#8211; \u0b87\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, <strong>1904-\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/strong> \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 <strong>\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe<\/strong> \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b8f\u0bb4\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baf\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f, \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb0 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 &#8216;\u0ba4\u0bc0\u0ba9\u0baa\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1&#8217; \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0b86\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc0\u0baa\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 <strong>\u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc2\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/strong>, \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf <strong>\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd<\/strong> \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc7,<strong> \u0bae\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bbe \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf<\/strong> \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 <strong>&#8216;\u0ba4\u0bc0\u0ba9\u0baa\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1&#8217; (\u0b8f\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0bb4\u0ba9\u0bcd)<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc7 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. \u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9c\u0bbf \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1<strong> &#8216;\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9c\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc7&#8217;<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b85\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd <strong>\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9c\u0bbf \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb5\u0bc1<\/strong> \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd (\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd)<strong> &#8216;\u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8&#8217; (Indentured Labour) <\/strong>\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0b85\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb2\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd <strong>\u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc2\u0bb8\u0bcd.<\/strong> \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd <strong>1920-\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/strong> \u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba9 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b92\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0b9c\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc7\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bca\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9c\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 <strong>&#8220;\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bc8&#8221;<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, <strong>&#8220;\u0b95\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd&#8221;<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0bb4\u0ba9\u0bcd:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8. \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd. <strong>1925 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 1927-\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/strong> \u0b85\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2 <strong>\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bb8\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd (AITUC)<\/strong> \u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4 \u0ba4\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bcd. \u0bb0\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc7 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. \u0b89\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b87\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc7 \u0b89\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b87\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd. <strong>&#8220;\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc7 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1&#8221;<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f<strong> \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc2\u0bb8\u0bcd,<\/strong> <strong>1940-\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/strong> \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc7 \u0b89\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f<strong> \u0b87\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb, \u0bae\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb, \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb <\/strong>\u0b9a\u0bca\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 <strong>\u0b9a\u0bbf.\u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd. \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc2\u0bb8\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc7 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf.<\/strong> \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1, \u0b85\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/mzh480.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"359\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/mzh480.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2248\" style=\"width:390px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/mzh480.jpg 359w, https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/mzh480-196x300.jpg 196w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0b87\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bae\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bc8!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0b8e\u0bae\u0bcd.\u0bb5\u0bbf. \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf &#8216;\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd: \u0b9a\u0bbf.\u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd. \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc2\u0bb8\u0bcd&#8217; \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc7 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf, &#8230; <a title=\"\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bbf &#8211; \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0ba9\u0baa\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bbf.\u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd. \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc2\u0bb8\u0bcd\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/iemtindia.com\/?p=2244\" aria-label=\"Read more about \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bbf &#8211; \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0ba9\u0baa\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bbf.\u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd. \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc2\u0bb8\u0bcd\">Read 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